Permanent hair waving



Mar. 27, 1923. 1,449,874

E. F. SUTER.

PERMANENT HAIR WAVING.

FILED MAR. 15, 1922.

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Patented Mar. 27, 1 923.

UNITED STATES EUGENE FRANCOIS SUTER, OF PICCADILLY, LONDON, ENGLAND.

PERMANENT HAIR WAVING.

Application filed March 15, 1922. Serial No. 548,979.

T0121! whom. it may concern Be it known that I, EUGENE FRAN' OIS SUTER, a citizen of Switzerland, residing at 23 (irrafton Street, Piccadilly, London, W., England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Permanent Hair Waving, of which the following is a description.

This invention relates to improvements in or connected with permanent hair waving whereby the appearance of naturally wavy hair is produced, and more particularly is maintained in hair which has been previously permanently waved.

In the known process of permanently wavin human hair a tress of hair is tightly wound upon a curler, which is preferably provided with means for tightening the coils after they have been wound, moisture or a moist pad is applied to the wound tress, and the whole is completely enclosed in a capsule and heated. Hitherto the moisture, usually in the form of a lotion, has been put on to the hair or into the capsule, or a moist pad, usually containing a large 'proportion of borax, has been wound on to the hair or attached to the inside of the capsule, and in.

all such cases the steam or vapour produced when the heat is applied has been able to circulate inside the capsule and to reach all parts of the tress.

.It is well known that human hair grows out from the head at the rate of about half an inch a month and that when the process of permanently waving is repeated, which is usually done about every six months, there is a length of hair near the root end of each tress which has never been waved before, while the rest of the tress should not need rewaving at all. I have found that the common practice of tightening the coils only at the root end of the tress and of applying the heat only at the end of the capsule containing the root end of the tress does not prevent-the other end of the tress being rewaved so long as the steam or vapour propervious material which is-not perforated, so that, when the whole is enclosed in a capsule and heated, the steam or vapour can only reach the tress at the parts and in the quantities required to produce the appearance of naturally wavy hair. Instead of being in separate layers the edges of the two pieces of impervious material may be joined together with the borax pad between so as to form a compound pad, or sachet with an impervious exterior irregularly perforated on one side, which compound pad or sachet after being suitably moistened may be placed over the wound tress in a single operation requiring less time and skill than the adjustment of separate layers.

I have found the substance known under I the registered name of cellophane (which is an artificial oilsilk consisting of a transparent film of very fine cellulose) suitable as the impervious material; and the irregular perforation of the inner layer thereof may be arranged so as to vary in density from end to end, but preferably consists of a small area of dense perforations arranged to come at the root end of the wound tress and to extend along it for a distance depending upon the condition of the hair and the treatment required. Three of the edges of theimpervious material are preferably made to extend considerably beyond the enclosed pad so as to overlap the longitudinal joint and cover all the hair when the sachet is in position, and at the root end of the tress the edge may advantageously extend beyond the curler as the impervious material helps to seal the capsule when the latter is tied down upon the extended edge instead of directly upon the bare tress. The fourth edge of the impervious material, which is the first applied to the wound tress and forms one side of the longitudinal joint when the sachet is in position, preferably does not extend beyond the enclosed pad and may conveniently be made by the fold in a single piece of impervious material which then forms both layers. i

I now proceed to describe in detail and by way of example the preferred form of sachet shown in the accompanying drawings, inwhich Fig; 1 is a plan of a blank of impervious 1 material adapted to be folded to form the outer covering of the sachet according to my invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan of a pad, partly broken away, for, purposes of'illustration, for use in the "sachet according to my invention.

Fig. 3 is a plan, partly broken awayv for purposes of illustration, of a complete article according to my invention.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4, 4 .of

Fi 3. l igs. 5, 6 and 7 are views illustrating the process of treating the hair according to my invention and also illustrating the manner of using the sachet illustrated in Fig. 3.

In lugurel ab is a sheet of cellophane adapted to be folded along the line dc so as to form an inner layer db and an outer la er I ac of impervious material, between w ich layers a pad p is placed. The inner layer db is perforated at c and its edges dg and 9b (as indicated by the dotted lines) are folded over the pad ;0 and gummed or otherwise attached to the outer layer ac to make the complete sachet shown'in' Fig. 3. The edge 60 may also be folded over and gummed or otherwise closed, but this is unnecessary when the pad does not come near this edge, and the opening thus formed is convenient for the application of moisture to the pad. When the edge be is not closed the pad 19 may be gummed to the impervious material in order to keep it in its proper position within the sachet as shown in- Fig. 3, where it can be seen through the transparent/cellophane. The pad ;0 preferably consists of a flat rectangular bag of muslin or similar material containing the borax pm or other substance with which the hair is to be treated, and is aslarge as or a little larger than the perforated area e.

The complete sachet A shown in Fig. 3 is of such a size that the length do is greater overlaps and covers the part 90. The perforated portion 2 is arranged to come at the root end of the wound tress and the part ad extends .beyond the end of the curler closeup to the head formingtwo layers of 5 0 imperv ous material which greatly assist in sealing the a sulez' (Figs.,6 and 7) when the latter is tied down upon this extension instead of upon the bare tress. Ordinarily I find also that the construction of sachet disclosed herein permits'me to omit the capsule i when desired I place a folded piece of' paper 8 alongside the pad 72 beneath the inner layer db to prevent the padp from being accidentally displaced from beneath the perforations e. The use of the paper 8 is advantageous also in other ways which need not be enumerated in detail.

Havin now particularly described and ascertaine the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:

1. The process of permanently waving hair comprising covering the tress after it has been wound upon the curler and before the application of any lotion or moist pad with a perforated layer of impervious material in order to protect part of the tress from the action of the moisture orof the vapour produced when the latter is heated duced when the latter is heated substantially as described.

3. In the process of permanently waving hair as claimed in claim 2 e-Xtendin at least one layer of impervious materiai 'beyond the end of the curler close up to the head in order to assist in sealing off the head from theart of the tress on the curleia.

4:. A sac et consisting of a pad within an impervious exterior 'irre on one side for use in t e process of permanently waving hair substantially as described.

EUGENE \FRANQOIS SUTER.

larly perforated CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,449,874. Granted March 27, 1923, to

EUGENE FRANCOIS snnm.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, lines 55 to 57, strike out "I find also that the construction of sachet disclosed herein permits me to omit the capsule i when desired" and insert the same before the word "Ordinarily" in line 54; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 14th day of July, A. D. 1931.

. v M. J. Moore, (Seal) I Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

